Ladder
Ladders are used when employees need to move up or down
between two different levels. Slips, trips, and falls are significant
contributors to accidents. Slips, trips, and falls can occur when wrong ladder
selection is made and when improper climbing techniques and/or defective
ladders are used.
Appropriate ladders must be used for the corresponding
job and defective ladders will not be used. When hazards exist that cannot be
eliminated, then engineering practices, administrative practices, safe work
practices, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and proper training regarding
ladders must be implemented.
Basic Ladder Safety Rules:
- All wood parts must be free from
sharp edges and splinters; sound and free from accepted visual inspection
from shake, wane, compression failures, decay, or other irregularities.
- Ladders must be maintained in
good condition at all times, the joint between the steps and side rails
must be tight, all hardware and fittings securely attached, and the
movable parts shall operate freely without binding or undue play.
- Metal bearings of locks, wheels,
pulleys, etc., shall be frequently lubricated.
- Ladders must be inspected
frequently and those which have developed defects must be withdrawn from
service for repair or destruction and tagged or marked as "Dangerous,
Do Not Use."
- Ladders with broken or missing
steps, rungs, or cleats, broken side rails, or other faulty equipment
shall not be used; improvised repairs are not allowed.
Types of
Ladder:
Step ladder - a self-supporting portable ladder, non adjustable in
length, having flat steps and a hinged back. Its size is designated by the
overall length of the ladder measured along the front edge of the side rails.
Single ladder :- a non-self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in
length, consisting of but one section. Its size is designated by the overall
length of the side rail.
Extension ladder(Aluminium) :- a non-self-supporting portable ladder adjustable in
length. It consists of two or more sections traveling in guides or brackets so
arranged as to permit length adjustment. Its size is designated by the sum of
the lengths of the sections measured along the side rails.
Sectional ladder :- a non-self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in
length, consisting of two or more sections of ladder so constructed that the
sections may be combined to function as a single ladder. Its size is designated
by the overall length of the assembled sections.
Trestle ladder :- a self-supporting portable ladder, non adjustable in
length, consisting of two sections hing at the top to form equal angles with
the base. The size is designated by the length of the side rails measured along
the front edge.
Extension trestle ladder : - a self-supporting portable ladder, adjustable in
length, consisting of a trestle ladder base and a vertically adjustable single
ladder, with suitable means for locking the ladders together. The size is
designated by the length of the trestle ladder base.
Special-purpose ladder :- a portable ladder which represents either a
modification or a combination of design or construction features in one of the
general-purpose types of ladders previously defined, in order to adapt the
ladder to special or specific uses.
Trolley ladder :- a semi-fixed ladder, nonadjustable in length, supported
by attachments to an overhead track, the plane of the ladder being at right
angles to the plane of motion.
Side-rolling ladder :- a semi-fixed ladder, non adjustable in length,
supported by attachments to a guide rail, which is generally fastened to
shelving, the plane of the ladder being also its plane of motion. Ladders must
not be used in a horizontal position as platforms, runways, or scaffolds. Place
portable ladders so that the side rails have a secure footing. The top rest for
portable rung and cleat ladders must be reasonably rigid and shall have ample
strength to support the applied force.
Safe Ladder Use:
Employees should follow certain rules when placing,
ascending, and descending ladders which include:
• Hold on with both hands when going up or down. If
material must be handled, raise or lower it with a rope either before going
down or after climbing to the desired level.
• Always face the ladder when ascending or descending.
• Never slide down a ladder.
• Be sure shoes are not greasy, muddy, or slippery before
climbing.
• Do not climb higher than the third rung from the top on
straight or extension ladder, or the second tread from the top on stepladders.
• Carry tools on a tool belt not in the hand.
• Never lean too far to the sides. Keep your belt buckle
within the side rails.
• Use a 4 to 1 ratio when leaning a single or extension
ladder. (place a 12 foot ladder so that the bottom is 3 feet away from the
object the ladder is leaning against.)
• Inspect ladder for defects before using.
• Never use a defective ladder. Tag or mark it so that it
will be repaired or destroyed.
• Never splice or lash a short ladder together.
• Never use makeshift ladders, such as cleats fastened
across a single rail.
• Be sure that a stepladder is fully open and the metal
spreader locked before starting to climb.
• Keep ladders clean and free from dirt and grease.
• Never use ladders during a strong wind except in an
emergency and then only when they are securely fastened.
• Never leave placed ladders unattended.
• Never use ladders as guys, braces, or skids, or for any
other purpose other than their intended purposes.
• Never attempt to adjust a ladder while a user is
standing on the ladder.
• Never jump from a ladder. Always dismount from the bottom rung.
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